The following article lists some simple, informative tips that will help you have a better experience with Health.
Introduction: -
Prostate is a glandular organ present only in males. Substantive surrounds the snog of bladder & the first sector of urethra and condributes a secretion to the semen. The gland is conical in shape and measures 3 cm in vertical breadth and 4 cm in transverse diameter. Substantial has got five lobes leading, posterior, two lateral and a median lobe. Now the first part of the urethra pass fini it any lesion in the prostate will produce difficulty in passing urine.
Diseases of the prostate gland: -
1 ) Prostatitis: -
This is the inflamation of the prostate gland well-timed to bacterial infection.
2 ) Benign enlargement of the prostate: -
This is a non cancerous tumour of the prostate seen after the age of 50. 3, Cancer of the prostate: - This is the 4th most common cause of death from malignant diseases in males.
Cancer of the prostate.
Cancer of the prostate is directly linked with the male sex hormones ( androgens ). If the levels of sex hormone increases the growth rate of cancer also increases. It is found that after the removel of testes there is marked reduction in the size of tumour.
Site of tumour: -
Prostate cancer is seen mainly in the posterior lobe. Non cancerous enlargement is experimental in other lobes.
Changes in the gland in cancer: -
The gland becomes hard with eccentric surface with loss of normal lobulation. Histologically prostate cancer is an adeno carcinoma ( cancer of the epithelial cells in the gland )
Growth: -
Growth rate is very fast in prostate cancer. The tumour compresses the urethra and get done difficulty in urination.
Spread of tumour: -
Metastasis in cancer of prostate is very early.
1 ) Local spread: -
From the posterior lobe the cancer cells go to the lateral lobes and seminal vesicles. Tumour cells also move to the neck and damnable of the urinary bladder.
2 ) Lymphatic spread: -
Through the lymph vessels cancer cells reach the internal and external illiac group of lymph nodes. From there cells move to retroperitonial ( Delayed the peritonium ) and mediastinal lymph nodes ( in the chest )
3 ) Spread through the blood: -
Spread of cancer cells takeplace through the periprostatic venous plexus and reaches the vertebral veins while coughing and sneezing and basically enders the vertebral bodies of the lumbar vertebrae.
Signs and symptoms of prostate cancer: - -
Signs and symptoms depend upon the suit of the cancer. The following symptoms may be seen.
1 ) No symptoms: -
Tumour is small and only in the posterior lobe. This is diagnosed accidentely.
2 ) Slight difficulty in urination: -
Here the tumour is enlarged and urethra is slightly firm. Shortly there will be frequent urge for urination obscure difficult urination.
3 ) When the tumour spread to all nearby areas including neck of bladder and urethra there will be painful urination with bleeding. Urine comes drop by drop.
4 ) Retention of urine: -
When the urethra is completely compressed there will be dominion of urine. This can lead to hydronephrosis, renal failure ect.
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In this condition patient may get convulsions due to renal failure and finally coma.
5 ) Signs of metastasis: -
Some patients come with the signs and symptoms of metastasis.
a ) Lumbo sacral pain due to spread of cancer cells to lumbar and sacral vertebrae.
b ) Tear of spine due to cancerous growth in the spine.
c ) Swelling, pain and fluid collection in the abdomen due to lesion in the abdomen.
d ) Respiratory complaints due to cancer of mediastinal lymphnodes and lungs.
e ) General weakness due to spread of cancer to different parts of the body.
f ) Anaemia due to involment of bone core and increased destruction of RBCs.
Clinical examination: -
Includes per rectal examination to feel the prostate gland, palpation of abdomen to touch the swelling in kidneys and any tumours. Patient is examined from head to foot to find out any lesions.
Investigations: -
1 ) Complete blood investigations; -
RBC, WBC, Platlets, ESR, bleeding time, clotting time ect.
2 ) Urine analysis: -
Microscopic examination to detect pus cells, occult blood, casts, Crystals ect.
3 ) Renal function tests: -
Blood urea level, serum creatinine level, electrolyte level ect.
4 ) Serum acid phosphatase: -
Increased in cancer of prostate.
5 ) x - ray of the spine: -
To detect any tumour or division.
6 ) Ultra sonography; -
Gives idea about prostate, bladder, kidney ect.
7 ) C T scan: -
Innumerable detailed information about organs and tumour.
8 ) MRI of the spine: -
Gives all-inclusive information about spine, disc and nearby soft tissues.
9 ) Lymphangiography: -
Gives idea about lymphatic spread of cancer.
10 ) Biopsy to confirm cancer: -
Biopsy is taken from the tumour and is send for histopathological examination under the microscope. This will detect the presence of cancer cells.
Treatment: -
1 ) If there is retention of urine catheterisation is needed.
2 ) Dialysis if kidney failure.
3 ) If there is coma monitoring of all name functions along with parentral nutrition and electolyte supply.
4 ) Specific treatment is prostatectomy ( removal of prostate )
Partial prostatectomy: -
Here only the affected lobe is removed.
Radical prostatectomy: -
Total removal of prostate along with nearby lymphnodes.
5, Hormone therapy: -
Stilbestrol is given to reduce tumour growth. Since this treatement increases the chance for cardiovascular disease phosphorylated diethyle stilbesterol is used nowadays.
6 ) Chemotherapy: - Drugs like cyclophosphamide, cisoplatim ect are inured.
7 ) Radiotherapy is also done for some cases.
8 ) Homoeopathy: -
Homoeopathic drugs like carcinocin, conium, sabal, crotalus, thuja, iodum, selinium, staphysagria, sulphur ect can be inured according to symptoms. Constitutional homoeopathic medicine will give great relief and can increase the life span.
9 ) Yoga and meditation is also healpful.
When word gets around about your command of Health facts, others who need to know about Health will start to actively seek you out.
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